us history final exam study guide

US History Final Exam Study Guide: Ace the Test with This Comprehensive Guide

With the US history final exam fast approaching, its time to buckle down and prepare. This comprehensive study guide will provide you with everything you need to know to ace the test and master American history.

Reconstruction Era (1865-1877)

This period marked the reconstruction of the South following the Civil War. Key aspects include: * **The 13th Amendment abolished slavery** (1865). * **The 14th Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US** (1868). * **The 15th Amendment guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race** (1870).

Industrial Revolution (1865-1900)

The Industrial Revolution transformed the American economy, leading to rapid urbanization and technological advancements. * **The invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell opened new communication channels** (1876). * **The construction of the Transcontinental Railroad connected the East and West Coast** (1869). * **The growth of factories led to a surge in immigration** (500,000 immigrants arrived yearly in the 1880s).

Progressive Era (1900-1920)

The Progressive Era witnessed a wave of social and political reforms. * **The establishment of the Federal Reserve regulated the nations monetary system** (1913). * **The passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act ensured food and drug safety** (1906). * **The 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote** (1920).

World War I (1914-1918)

The US entered the Great War in 1917. Critical events include: * **The sinking of the Lusitania by a German U-boat killed 1,198 passengers, including 128 Americans** (1915). * **The Zimmerman Telegram proposed a German-Mexican alliance against the US** (1917). * **The American Expeditionary Forces fought in Europe, helping to turn the tide of the war** (1.7 million soldiers deployed).

Roaring Twenties (1920-1929)

The Roaring Twenties were a period of economic prosperity and social change. * **The economy boomed, with soaring stock prices and technological advancements** (especially in the automotive industry). * **The Harlem Renaissance celebrated African American culture and creativity** (Langston Hughes was a prominent figure). * **Prohibition attempted to ban the sale and consumption of alcohol** (18th Amendment).

Great Depression (1929-1939)

The stock market crash of 1929 plunged the US into a severe economic crisis. * **Unemployment reached 25%, affecting over 15 million people** (highest rate in American history). * **The Great Plains suffered severe droughts, leading to the Dust Bowl** (displaced millions of farmers). * **President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented the New Deal, a series of programs to stimulate the economy** (included the Works Progress Administration and the Social Security Act).

World War II (1939-1945)

The US joined the Allied Powers in the fight against Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. * **The attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan brought the US into the war** (December 7, 1941). * **The Manhattan Project developed the atomic bomb** (used against Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan). * **The US emerged as a global superpower after the war** (with the largest economy and military).

Cold War (1947-1991)

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the US and the Soviet Union. * **The Truman Doctrine aimed to contain the spread of communism** (1947). * **The Berlin Wall divided East and West Berlin** (1961-1989). * **The Cuban Missile Crisis brought the world to the brink of nuclear war** (1962).

Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968)

The Civil Rights Movement fought for equal rights for African Americans. * **The Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education** (1954). * **Martin Luther King Jr. led nonviolent protests** (such as the March on Washington). * **The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination** (prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin).

Vietnam War (1954-1975)

The Vietnam War was a conflict between the US and North Vietnam. * **The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorized the use of military force in Southeast Asia** (1964). * **The Tet Offensive was a major North Vietnamese attack that turned public opinion against the war** (1968). * **The US withdrew from Vietnam in 1975** (after losing 58,000 soldiers).

Conclusion

This comprehensive study guide provides a detailed overview of key topics in US history. By reviewing these sections and the timeline below, you will be well-prepared to tackle your final exam. Remember to focus on understanding the major themes, events, and figures. Good luck!

US History Final Exam Study Guide Timeline

* 1865: Civil War ends, Reconstruction begins * 1868: 14th Amendment ratifies citizenship * 1870: 15th Amendment guarantees voting rights * 1876: Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone * 1880s: Immigration reaches 500,000 per year * 1906: Pure Food and Drug Act passed * 1913: Federal Reserve established * 1914: World War I begins * 1915: Lusitania sinks * 1917: US enters World War I, Zimmerman Telegram revealed * 1918: World War I ends * 1920: 19th Amendment grants women the right to vote * 1929: Stock market crashes, Great Depression begins * 1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt elected president * 1939: Great Depression ends, World War II begins * 1941: Japan attacks Pearl Harbor * 1945: World War II ends, atomic bombs dropped on Japan * 1947: Truman Doctrine announced * 1954: Brown v. Board of Education rules school segregation unconstitutional * 1961: Berlin Wall built * 1962: Cuban Missile Crisis * 1964: Civil Rights Act passed * 1968: Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated * 1975: Vietnam War ends **Story Case:** During the Civil Rights Movement, a group of African American students known as the "Little Rock Nine" faced intense opposition as they tried to integrate an all-white high school in Arkansas. Their courage and determination inspired others to continue the fight for equality. **Humorous Quote:** When asked about the impact of the Industrial Revolution, Mark Twain quipped, "Anyone who thinks he can stop progress is like a man trying to stop the tide with a broom."

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